
-
Censorship, Proximity, Media Proprietors, Technology
-
Objects, scene recreations, photography, graphics, educational interactives
-
How did technological change drive the rhythm of Parliament House?
How did politicians and political reporters adapt to new storytelling media?
Did technology like radio and TV make it harder or easier to break big stories and why?
How might we interpret or adapt rooms in this era for learning/ educational opportunities to appeal to both self-guided visitors and students?
What was the Press Gallery reporting at the time of the 1967 referendum?
What was the chatter inside King’s Hall at the time?
What are the insights from this major event that remain relevant today?
-
Given we have large scale, technology driven audio visual entry and exit works, we propose U95 (referred to as the ABC Bureau after the last occupants) have more single channel ‘one dimensional’ content, with integrated learning opportunities.
In collaboration with the MoAD Learning, Engagement and Curatorial teams on this era we’ll to investigate how we could keep the studios and technology of the time insitu but incorporate new interactive technology to make them ‘functional’ and responsive, especially for students. These spaces need to be purpose driven.
In [U96, U96.2, U96.3] we’d like to retain the studio feeling but bring in more functional objects. One idea is to have period video cameras or tape recorders retrofitted with new technology to allow visitors and students to record their own journalistic ‘pieces to camera’ or live radio reports and review them or upload them to social media accounts. This is leaning into the success and popularity of web-based photo booths where people can pose for photos and then upload them directly to the cloud via a touch screen.
In the larger open space [U95], we propose to install a number of clear plinths to house objects and equipment such as cameras, film reels, microphones etc from this era. This serves to chart the technological evolution of the Press Gallery and presents the changing media formats of the time.
Storytelling in the form of text and graphics could wrap around the top section of the walls in [U95] and film stills would line the bottom (the existing shapes here lend themselves to film strip aspect ratio). Some of the content we have found in the archive for this era is perfect for this concept. For example, there are beautiful stills and graphic images from the 1967 referendum. This presentation offers a powerful mechanism to centre the too often underrepresented or misrepresented voices of First Nations peoples. The archive here is incredibly important and compelling and tells a historical story with contemporary resonance.
We are also investigating how to incorporate the fascinating story of Harold Holt’s disappearance within the teleprinter room [U95.1]. We love the idea of creating a ‘choose your own’ adventure type interactive for visitors using the existing teleprinter with new technology installed.
The final room for this era is the toilet and shower [U92]. We can have a lot of fun drawing on archival audio, journalists and press gallery workers recounting lesser known ‘water cooler’ or ‘gossip’ stories from the gallery to create a series of immersive soundscapes in this space. The walls lend themselves to large scale graphics and recreations of magazine or newspaper cover stories.
These simple 3D drawings show initial thinking and preliminary ideas on what we’d like to achieve in each of the ‘scenes’ in ACT 2.
STORY 1
1954 Petrov affair - Australia’s first counter-intelligence coup
Why this story:
A Press Gallery journalist lies at the heart of the Petrov affair. Fergan O’Sullivan was Opposition Leader Herbert ‘Doc’ Evatt’s Press Secretary for two months leading up to the events of April 1954. O’Sullivan was the author of Document H, a series of brief and colourful biographies of members of the Press Gallery. The purpose of this document was to provide the Soviets with intelligence about members of the Press Gallery that might be sympathetic to the Communist cause. Given O’Sullivan’s position in the office of the Opposition Leader, the security implications of this were enormous. The story and subsequent Royal Commission led to the split of the Australian Labor Party and the formation of the Democratic Labor Party in 1955. This splitting of Labor’s power greatly assisted the Liberal/Country Party coalition to remain in power until 1972.
This image shows a Sydney crowd at Mascot airport trying to block the forced return of Russian defector Evdokia Petrov.
It was 8pm, and the parliament was returning from its regular dinner recess. Prime Minister Robert Menzies stood up and addressed the House. He dropped a political bomb that reverberated around the world.
Menzies announced a Russian spy Vladimir Petrov had defected from the Soviet Embassy.
Journalist Barnard Freedman was sitting in the Press Gallery. He was Bureau Chief for The Melbourne Argus at the time. Freedman and his team reported the news and then scooped the rest of Press Gallery by securing the only interview with Soviet Ambassador Generalov. Many other journalists in the press gallery were seeking comment from the Russian Embassy but they were not taking telephone calls. Freedman simply walked over to the embassy and knocked on the door. To his surprise, they were let in.
Meanwhile, the Prime Minister Robert Menzies was on the phone to media proprietor Frank Packer to have Press Gallery journalist Alan Reid sacked following his story about the defection of Soviet spy Vladimir Petrov.
“We sat in the hallway there and two huge no doubt, KGB men with rather suspicious looking bulges under their arms looking at us rather suspiciously, also watched on high by a portrait of Stalin and of Lenin – but eventually we were admitted into the office of the Ambassador at the time, Generalov, was his name. Anyway, we got an interview with him and whilst we couldn’t get to see Mrs Petrov – who was upstairs in this building – we at least got his reaction to what was going on from his mouth, rather than through any sort of second-hand source.”
— Barnard Freedman, Former Press Gallery Journalist
STORY 2
1967 REFERENDUM
Why this story:
The most successful of all of Australia’s referendums occurred 2in 1967. Nearly 91 per cent of Australians voted to include Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in the Constitution. In terms of an overwhelming majority, no other referendum has come close.
It was a rare moment of political bipartisanship and holds valuable lessons following the failed recent Voice to Parliament referendum. What was different in 1967? What does the perspective of 50 years reveal, and what was the chatter inside the corridors and chambers of Parliament House that helped forge the critical relationships that would enable Constitutional change? The story of the ‘decade of activism’ leading up to 1967 referendum has been well told but we know much less about the political machinations within Parliament House. In terms of the research required for this story we are yet to discover what archival audio visual exists within the many relevant institutions however, we have located a number of striking images.
STORY 3
HAROLD HOLT GOES MISSING
Why this story:
Along with the Dismissal, the story of a serving prime minister’s disappearance is one of the biggest of this time. Technology was changing and so too were the editorial considerations of how to report on a complex, unfolding event of enormous national consequence. The Press Gallery was operating in vacuum of hard information, mostly due to the fact the Prime Minister could not be found and his body has never been recovered. This information environment of high tension, emotion and unresolved questions led to conspiracy theories including the possible abduction of the Prime Minister by a Chinese submarine. The Press Gallery had to make decisions about breaking long held taboos such reporting the private details surrounding Prime Minister Harold Holt’s disappearance. Mr Holt was at the beach with his lover when he went missing. Historians have said this event ended Australia's "age of innocence", that political leaders could no longer keep their private lives private. The available news montage archive is fantastic for storytelling interpretation.
“I was chief of staff in Sydney. And my memories of it with the shock that a prime minister could actually go missing. And secondly, the power of television and the role of Tony Eggleton. So for me, this was the first indication that television was really going to play a powerful role.”
— Ken Begg, Former Press Gallery Journalist
Only two years after being elected Prime Minister Harold Holt mysteriously disappears off Cheviot Beach on Victoria’s Mornington Peninsula. This was just six months after overseeing the historic 1967 referendum.
On a Sunday afternoon in December 1967 Harold Holt and four others drove to Point Nepean to watch Alec Rose who was attempting an around-the world solo journey in his yacht. Holt suggested to the party that they go to Cheviot Beach for a swim. The beach was rough and looked dangerous yet, shortly after noon, Holt entered the dangerous surf conditions saying ‘I know this beach like the back of my hand’. Soon after, he disappeared.
In the mid to late 1960s, changes in technology was driving a new form of visual reporting. Audiences could watch films of the search and rescue effort almost as they happened. This was still 40 years before the arrival of 24/7 television news yet the new visual medium was changing how big stories were reported and what editors considered what was newsworthy. In the absence of an explanation for the prime minister’s disappearance conspiracy theories flourished including that Mr. Holt was abducted by a Chinese submarine.
“There was always a level of concern about whether or not we'd get the latest pictures, what we would see, whether we'd be on top of it.”
— Ken Begg, Former Press Gallery journalist